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"5<0 2L5B=0<A:>9 2>9=K =0 0<5@8:0=A:>< M:@0=5 >B 5;5=KE 15@5B>2 (@56.6.#M9=, 1968) 4> D8;L<>2 .'8<8=>(E>B=8: =5 >;5=59, 1978), $.$.>??>;K(?>:0;8?A8A A53>4=O, 1979) 8 %.-H18 (>72@0I5=85 4><>9, 1978). $8;L<K "0:8<8 <K 1K;8(@56.!.>;;0:, 1973), !8=89 2>@>B=  ^`*"#+B,55<=NFFJOOTBU]]nggjmmrs.P|~zzzzzzzzzzzzzzgg$h#sh#sCJOJQJaJmH sH h#sh#s>*CJOJQJaJ)jh#sh#s0JCJOJQJUaJh#sh#sCJOJQJaJ"h#sh#s5>*CJOJQJaJ!h#sh#s56>*CJOJQJh#sh#s5CJOJQJaJ"h#sh#s5>*CJOJQJaJh#sh#sCJOJQJ(  2 @ d~*X""##%&:((0+$a$$`a$$a$$dha$in0+++D,-d14 555568t8:n;<<=B?ABCDLFNFFHzK$a$$`a$zKLMHOJOOQS,TTTFUFWY&[$\F]]]]^ b4c\dBflgnggi$a$$`a$i.jhmjmmxnnoqrrsx{},.d*@*,6$a$$`a$Pz$h06zb©ΩfL$a$$`a$Ωfع02<l8*nPXZhH8$$d-l-0H,H.H0H2H4H6H8H:HNOO|Obbff\fbfr8sf{{{D|<b280U'h#sh#s>*CJOJQJaJmH sH $h#sh#sCJOJQJaJmH sH h#sh#sCJOJQJaJh#sh#s>*CJOJQJaJHβn"̹عļ>^l<r:f$a$$`a$fhj4^4d( T842. $`a$$a$ njp8nf(*n   z nFH8$a$$`a$8D #$$$T(*+-/:(@56..(@045@), F.I.S.T. (@56..6N8A>=) 8 >@<0 59 (@56.. 8BB, 2A5 - 1978) :0: 75@:0;> M:>=><8G5A:>3> :@878A0 70-E 8 8=B5@5A0 : @01>G59 B5<0B8:8. -2>;NF8O :8=>4@0<K: >B ?A8E>;>38G5A:8E :>=D;8:B>2 ;5=B .8:>;A0 B> 1>8BAO 8@468=88 C;D?(1966) 8 K?CA:=8: (1967) 4> B5<K >48=>G5AB20 2 D8;L<0E . 0D5;LA>=0 (OBL ;53:8E ?L5A, 1970), 6.(0F15@30(C30;>, 1973), .>340=>28G0 (C<06=0O ;C=0, 1973), .07C@A:>3>(0@@8 > ">=B>, 1974) 8 ?@>1;5< ?>;>65=8O 65=I8=K 2 @01>B0E .LN<5=0(;8O=85 30<<0-;CG59 =0 @>AB <0@30@8B>:, 1972), .!:>@A575(;8A0 745AL 1>;LH5 =5 6825B, 1974), .07C@A:>3>(570<C6=OO 65=I8=0, 1978), .5=B>=0(@0<5@ ?@>B82 @0<5@0, 1979). $8;L<K .;B<0=0("@8 65=I8=K, 1977, !204L10, 1978 8 4@.) 8 .;;5=0(-==8 %>;;, 1977, 0=EMBB5=, 1979 8 4@.) :0: @0AA:07 >1 0<5@8:0=A:>< >1I5AB25 70-E 3>4>2. 25. $8;L<K > 5;8:>9 B5G5AB25==>9 2>9=5: >B >BB5?5;8 4> Y AJ5740 !>N70 :8=5<0B>3@0D8AB>2 !!!  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AB>@8G5A:89 D8;L< 8 M:@0=870F8O ;8B5@0BC@=>9 :;0AA8:8 2 >B5G5AB25==>< :8=> 30-E 3>4>2. !2>5>1@0785 M:@0=870F88 B@8;>388 .>@L:>3> 2 D8;L<0E .>=A:>3> (5BAB2> >@L:>3>,  ;N4OE, >8 C=825@A8B5BK, 1938-40). @30=870F8O ABC488 !>N745BD8;L< 8 @0728B85 45BA:>3> :8=>. 0=@ :8=>A:07:8 2 B2>@G5AB25 .BCH:> 8 . >C. 8=>8A:CAAB2> 2 3>4K B>@>9 <8@>2>9 2>9=K. 5@5AB@>9:0 >B5G5AB25==>9 :8=>?@><KH;5==>AB8 2 CA;>28OE 2>5==>3> 2@5<5=8. >7@>645=85 B@048F89 :8=>?;0:0B0 8 038BD8;L<0 2 2K?CA:0E >52KE :8=>A1>@=8:>2. -2>;NF8O <0AB5@>2 >B5G5AB25==>3> :8=> >B ?>25@E=>AB=>-038B0F8>==>3> @0A:@KB8O B5<K : 55 @50;8AB8G5A:><C ?>AB865=8N. A=>2=K5 D8;L<K 2>5==KE ;5B (0H5=L:0, @56. .. 097<0=, 0@5=L 87 =0H53> 3>@>40, @56. .!B>;?5@, .20=>2, 04C30, @56..>=A:>9, '5;>25: ! 217, @56.. ><<, 0H5AB285, @56.. >><). ;8O=85 E@>=8:8 =0 EC4>65AB25==>5 :8=> 8 EC4>65AB25==>-?C1;8F8AB8G5A:>5 =0G0;> 2 >1@07=>< AB@>5 4>:C<5=B0;L=KE D8;L<>2 > 2>9=5. =0G5=85 A>4@C65AB20 4>:C<5=B0;8AB>2 A ?8A0B5;O<8 8 4@0<0BC@30<8 8 @>;L @568AA5@>2-83@>28:>2 (.>265=:>, !..B:528G, .. 097<0= 8 4@.) 2 >1@5B5=88 4>:C<5=B0;L=K< :8=5<0B>3@0D>< =>2>3> EC4>65AB25==>3> C@>2=O. !?8A>: ;8B5@0BC@K ?> MB><C ?5@8>4C. 17>@K: #G51=8: ?> >B5G :8=>, :>B>@K9 2K :C?8;8. .>@:0O AB>@8O A>25BA:>3> :8=>. !?1, ;5B59O, 2005 5@B>2 . !B0BL8. =52=8:8. 0<KA;K. ., A:CAAB2>. 1966 8=71C@3 . 8=5<0B>3@0D8O 2 4>@52>;NF8>==>9 >AA88. ., A:CAAB2>, 1963 >265=:> . 71@0==>5. ., A:CAAB2>, 1957 >265=:> . 71@0==K5 ?@>872545=8O 2 4-E B><0E. ., A:CAAB2>, 1966-1969 >@:0O . !>25BA:89 8AB>@8:>-@52>;NF8>==K9 D8;L<. .,  !!! , 1962 >@:0O . 0 @C1565 AB>;5B89. # 8AB>:>2 <0AA>2>3> 8A:CAAB20 2 >AA88, 1900-1910. ., 0C:0, 1976 AB>@8O A>25BA:>3> :8=> (1917-1967) 2 4-E B><0E, ., A:CAAB2>, 1969-1978 AB>@8O A>25BA:>3> :8=>. ., !, 1979 8=> 2 4>@52>;NF8>==>9 >AA88 (1896-1917). !B0=>2;5=85 8 @0AF25B A>25BA:>9 :8=5<0B>3@0D88 (1918-1930) #G51=>5 ?>A>185. ., , 1992 8=>. -=F8:;>?548G5A:89 A;>20@L. ., !>25BA:0O M=F8:;>?548O, 1986 >78=F52 . !>1@.A>G. 2 5-B8 B><0E, ., A:CAAB2>, 1982-1986 C;5H>2 . !>1@. A>G. 2 3-E B><0E, ., A:CAAB2>, 1987-1988 C4>2:8= . 71@0==K5 AB0BL8. ., A:CAAB2>, 1956 C4>2:8= . !>1@. A>G. 2 3-E B><0E. ., A:CAAB2>, 1974-76 ><< . 71@0==K5 ?@>872545=8O 2 3-E B><0E. ., A:CAAB2>, 1984 !>25BA:>5 :8=> 2 3>4K 5;8:>9 >B5G5AB25==>9 2>9=K. #G51=>5 ?>A>185. ., , 1999 (:;>2A:89 . 0 60 ;5B. !B0BL8 > :8=>. ., A:CAAB2>, 1985 -975=HB59= !. 71@0==K5 AB0BL8 ., A:CAAB2>, 1956 -975=HB59= !. 71@0==K5 ?@>872545=8O 2 6-B8 B><0E. ., A:CAAB2>, 1964-1971 -975=HB59= !. >=B06. ., C759 :8=>, 2000 -975=HB59= !. 5B>4. ., C759 :8=>, 2003 -975=HB59= !. 5@02=>4CH=0O ?@8@>40. ., C759 :8=>, 2004 .@5=52 . !>25BA:>5 :8=> B@84F0BKE 3>4>2. ., , 1977 .@5=52 . @0B:0O 8AB>@8O A>25BA:>3> :8=>. ., !, 1979 .@5=52 . !5@359 -975=HB59=. 0<KA;K. $8;L<K, 5B>4, '0ABL ?5@20O. 1889-1929. ., A:CAAB2>, 1985; '0ABL 2B>@0O, 1930-1948. ., A:CAAB2>, 1988. .@5=52 . ;5:A0=4@ >265=:>. ., A:CAAB2>, 1959 > ?5@A>=0;8O<: >3><>;>2 .. 8E08; 0;0B>7>2. !B@0=8FK B2>@G5A:>9 18>3@0D88. ., A:CAAB2>, 1989 5@0A8<>2 !. !>1@. A>G. 2 3-E B><0E. ., A:CAAB2>, 1982-1984 >;>2=O . -:@0=  <>O ?0;8B@0. 0AA:07K > B2>@G5A:>< ?CB8. ., !, 1971 @><>2 . 8=>>?5@0B>@ =0B>;89 >;>2=O. ., A:CAAB2>, 1980 @><>2 . 52 C;5H>2. ., A:CAAB2>, 1984 >18= . >78=F52 8 "@0C15@3. -, A:CAAB2>, 1963 0: . 8E08; ><< 8 B@048F88 A>25BA:>9 :8=>@568AAC@K. ., A:CAAB2>, 1975 >@:0O . >@B@5BK. ., A:CAAB2>, 1966. ("2>@G5A:85 ?>@B@5BK :8=>@568AA5@>2  .C;5H>20, !.-975=HB59=0, /.@>B070=>20, .. 097<0=0, . ><<0, .'CE@0O, .%CF8520) 0@030=>2 . A52>;>4 C4>2:8=. ., A:CAAB2>, 1984 8=>>?5@0B>@ =4@59 >A:28=. G5@: 687=8 8 B2>@G5AB20. >A?><8=0=85 B>20@8I59. .-., A:CAAB2>, 1971 C;5H>2 ., %>E;>20 . 50 ;5B 2 :8=>. ., A:CAAB2>, 1975 0@D5=>2 . !5@359 5@0A8<>2. ., A:CAAB2>, 1975 8A0@52A:89 . @0BLO 0A8;L52K. ., A:CAAB2>, 1982 >H0;L . 7830 5@B>2. ., A:CAAB2>, 1982 !>1>;52 . N48 8 D8;L<K @CAA:>3> 4>@52>;NF8>==>3> :8=>. ., A:CAAB2>, 1961 !>1>;52 . ;5:A0=4@ >265=:>. ., A:CAAB2>, 1981 (:;>2A:89 . -975=HB59=. ., A:CAAB2>, 1978 (C1 -. 87=L <>O  :8=5<0B>3@0D. ., A:CAAB2>. 1972 -@<;5@ $. >:C<5=BK, AB0BL8, 2>A?><8=0=8O. -. A:CAAB2>, 1974 .B:528G !. >MB8:0 @568AAC@K. "50B@ 8 :8=>. ., !, 1979 /:>2 @>B070=>2. A1. 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